Latest Calcutta University B.A. LL.B Syllabus 3rd Semester

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 THIRD SEMESTER

Paper I 

Political Science III 

(Political Thought)

[Full Marks 100 out of which 80 marks shall be for the written End Semester Examination and 20 marks for internal assessment]

1. Political Obligation: Meaning, Nature; Theories of the Grounds of Political Obligation; Political Obligation vs. Social Obligation; Limits to Political Obligation and Problem of Resistance; T. H Green’s View on Political Obligation. 

2. Power: Definition and Nature; Authority: Definition and Nature; Types of Authority; Legitimacy of Power. 

3. Utilitarianism: Meaning, Origin and Basic Tenets; Jeremy Bentham’s Contribution; J.S. Mill’s Contribution. 

4. Natural Law and Natural Rights. 

5. Liberalism: Core Values- Main contents of liberalism (Classical Liberalism, Modern Liberalism, and Neoliberalism); Liberal Democracy and Constitutionalism; End of History by Francis Fukuyama. 

6. Socialism: Meaning and Definition; Core Values and its variants - Fabian – Syndicalism – Guild Socialism- Democratic Socialism. 

7. Marxism: Meaning and Sources; Theories of - Historical Materialism, Class and Class Struggle, Exploitation, Alienation, Role of State; Contemporary relevance of Marxism. 

8. Indian Political Thought: Gandhism- M. K. Gandhi’s Ideas of Truth, Non-Violence, Purity of Ends and Means, Religion & Politics, Satyagraha and Sarvodaya; Social Justice Theory of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. 

Books Recommended: 

Raymond G. Gettell, History of Political Thought O. P. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory V. P. Verma, Modern Indian Political Thought Ernest Barker, Principles of Social and Political Theory Rajeev Bhargava and Ashok Acharya, Political Theory: An Introduction.

Paper II 

Sociology III

[Full Marks 100 out of which 80 marks shall be for the written End Semester Examination and 20 marks for internal assessment] 

1. Social Problems in India: Concepts and Approaches. 

2. Major issues: Poverty, beggary, corruption, illiteracy, population explosion, unemployment. 

3. Social evils: Child and bonded labour, divorce, dowry, violence against women, prostitution, AIDS, drug abuse, alcoholism. 

4. Juvenile delinquency. 

5. Sociology, Social Justice, and Indian Legal System. 

6. Socio-legal reform debates 

Books and Articles Recommended: 

Ram Ahuja - Crime Against Women. Ram Ahuja - Youth and Crime. Sunanda Goenka, Immoral Trafficking of Women and Children Bela Datta Gupta - Contemporary Social Problems in India. Kalpana Kannabiran, “Judiciary, Social Reform and Debate on 'Religious Prostitution' in Colonial India,” 30(43) Economic and Political Weekly, 59-69 (1995). 

Paper III 

Economics I (Economic Theory I) 

[Full Marks 100 out of which 80 marks shall be for the written End Semester Examination and 20 marks for internal assessment] 

1. Basic Concepts: Relevance of Economics in Law; Different branches of Economics, Basic Economic Problems, Economic systems, Price, Value, Welfare, wealth, Scarcity, choice, Opportunity Cost, PPF 

2. How markets work: Law of demand, Law of supply, Demand elasticity, supply elasticity, Market Equilibrium, Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus. 

3. Introduction to Consumer Behaviour: Total Utility, Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equimarginal Utility, Indifference Curve and its properties, Budget line, Consumer equilibrium. 

4. Production: Inputs and Output, Average Productivity of Factors, Marginal Productivity of Factors, Law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity, Three Stages of Production (short run and long run), Cost, Revenue. 

5. National Income: Closed and Open Economy, National Income and its different concepts, Real versus Nominal GDP, Price indices, Circular Flow of Income, National Income as an Index of Welfare. 6. Introduction of Classical and Keynesian Economics: Say’s Law, Simple Keynesian Model. 

7. Money: Money and its Functions, Quantity Theory of Money, Inflation and Deflation, Types and Causes of Inflation, Anti-inflationary measures. 

8. Banking: Central Bank and its Functions, Commercial Banks and their Functions, Credit creation, Credit Control measures, Non-Banking Financial Intermediaries.

Books and Articles Recommended: 

K. K. Dewett, Modern Economic Theory Hal Varian -Intermediate Microeconomics, Norton & Co H. L. Ahuja - Modern Economics Joydeb Sarkhel - Microeconomic Theory and Macroeconomic Theory Debes Mukherjee, Essentials of Micro and Macroeconomics, New Central Book Agency R. K. Lekhi - Economics.

Paper IV 

Competition Law 

[Full Marks 100 out of which 80 marks shall be for the written End Semester Examination and 20 marks for internal assessment] 

1. Introduction to Competition law: Evolution and Growth of competition law, Monopoly, Globalization and New Changes, Concept of market, Open market, Regulated market, Salient features of the Competition Act, 2002. 

2. Anti-competitive Agreements: Concept, Forms and Treatment of anti-competitive agreements, Rules to determine Effects of Anti-Competitive Agreements, Agreements which do not cause adverse effects on Competition. Freedom of Contract and Constitutional Initiative. 

3. Abuse of dominant position: Concept, forms and treatment in India, Essential facilities doctrine, Refusal, Pricing strategies and abuse of dominant position. 

4. Combinations: Concept under the Competition Act, 2002, Regulation of CombinationsRelevant product Market, Relevant Geographical Market, Regulation of Cross-border combinations. 

5. Competition Commission of India: Composition of CCI, Selection Committee for Chairperson and Members of Commission, Duties of CCI. 

6. Powers and functions: Meeting of Commission, Procedure for Inquiry on Complaint under Section 19. 

7. CCI Procedures: Procedure for investigation of Combination, Powers of Commission to regulate its procedure. 

8. Orders of Commission: Review, Rectification and Execution.

9. Competition Appellate Tribunal and Penalties: Composition of Tribunal, Procedure for filing Appeal, Procedure and Powers of Appellate Tribunal, Appeal to Supreme Court, Competition Advocacy. The above issues are to be studied with special reference to the Competition Act, 2002, and relevant case laws on the subject. 

Books Recommended: 

Avtar Singh, Competition Law. TRamappa-Competition Law in India: Policy, Issues, and Developments. S. C. Tripathi, Competition Law. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law Today-Concepts, Issues and the Law in Practice. T. Ramappa- Lectures on Competition Law. S.M. Dugar-Competition Law

Paper V 

Law of Torts including MV Accident and Consumer Protection Laws 

[Full Marks 100 out of which 80 marks shall be for the written End Semester Examination and 20 marks for internal assessment] 

1. Introduction: Evolution of Torts; Elements of a Tort; Tort as a Private Law RemedyDifference between Torts and Contracts; Torts and Crimes-Classification of Torts- Is it Law of Tort or Law of Torts? –General Principle of Liability. 

2. Vicarious Liability: Express Authorization-Ratification-Abetment- Special RelationshipsMaster and Servant- Course of Employment-Control Test- Liability of Independent Contractor-Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity. 

3. Negligence: Duty of Care- Breach of Duty- Causation and Foreseeability-Proof of Negligence- Duty in Ordinary Cases- Duty of Care in Some Special Cases-Professional Negligence- Defences: Contributory Negligence (Res ipsa loquitor)-Ex turpi causa non oritur actio-Exclusion of Liability-Insanity. 

4. Strict Liability: The Rule in Rylands vs. Fletcher-Liability for harm caused by inherently dangerous substances- Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster-Development of Law beyond Strict Liability- M. C. Mehta vs. Union of India-Absolute Liability. 

5. Intentional Torts: Trespass to Person- Assault and Battery-Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress-False Imprisonment; Trespass to Land and Chattels-Nuisance- Public and Private Trespass to Goods- General Defences to intentional Torts- Acts of State- Parental and Quasi Parental Acts-Inevitable Accident-Consent- Self-defence - Defence of Property-NecessityPlaintiff the Wrongdoer-Trifles. Injuries to Reputation: Defamation-Libel and SlanderMalicious Prosecution. 

6. Remedies under Law of Torts: Kinds of remedies-Damages- Foreseeability of DamageRemoteness of Damage-Judicial and Extra-Judicial Remedies. 

7. Consumer Protection Act, 2019: History and Evolution- Scheme of the Act and its salient features-Consumerism under the Act- Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies under the Act and the Remedies Thereunder- Consumer Advocacy. 

8. Motor Vehicles Act - Salient features of the Act and Recent Developments. The above issues are to be studied with special reference to the relevant Acts and case laws on the subject. 

Books Recommended: 

Akshay Sapre, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, Law of Torts. Winfield and Jolcowicz, Law of Tort. Ramaswamy Iyer, The Law of Torts. R. K. Bangia, Law of Torts Including Compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act and Consumer Protection Law. P. K. Majumdar and R.P. Kataria, Law of Consumer Protection in India. Avtar Singh, Introduction to the Law of Torts and Consumer Protection.

Source- Calcutta University Website